Financial crisis ( la crise financière) Definition : Financial crisis is in the economics , politics and society subject . It’s a situation which the supply of money is outpaced by the demand for money . this means that liquidity is quickly evaporated because available money is withdrawn from banks . A financial crisis is a situationwhen money demand quickly rises relative to money supply. Until a few decades ago , a financial crisis was equivalent to a banking crisis. Today it may also take the form of a currency crisis .Many economists have come up with theories on how a financial crisis develops and how it could be prevented. There is , however ,no consensus and financial crises are still a regular phenomenon. Types of financial crises : + Banking crisis : this is called bank run . Since banks lend out most of the cash they receive in deposits , it’s difficult for them to quickly pay back all deposits if these are suddenly demanded , so a run may leave the bank in bankruptcy . + Speculative bubbles and crashes : Economists say that a financial asset ( stock for example) exhibits a bubble when its prices exceeds the value of the future income ( such as interest and dividends). + International financial crises: When a country that maintains a fixed exchange rate is suddenly forced to devalue its currency because of a speculative attack , this is called a currency crisis or balance of payments crisis. + Wider economic crises : A downturn in economic growth lasting several quarters or more is usually called a recession . An especially prolonged recession may be called a depression, while a long period of slow but not necessarily negative growth is sometimes called economic stagnation. Causes and consequences of financial crises : - Strategic complementarities in financial markets . - Leverage : which means borrowing to finance investments is frequently cited as a contributor to financial crises. - Regulatory failures : Governments have attempted to eliminate financial crises by regulating the financial sector. - Contagion : refers to the idea that financial crises may spread from one institution to another . - Recessionary effects : some financial crises have little effect outside of the financial sector, like the Wall street crash of 1987 but other crises are believed to have played a role in decreasing growth in the rest of economy.
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